(32) Personnel expenses
Personnel expenses comprised the following:
€ million |
|
2023 |
|
2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Wages and salaries |
|
5,299 |
|
5,340 |
Compulsory social security contributions and other costs |
|
853 |
|
844 |
Pension expenses |
|
365 |
|
460 |
Personnel expenses |
|
6,517 |
|
6,644 |
Personnel expenses comprised expenses of € 212 million (2022: € 200 million) for defined contribution plans, which are funded exclusively using external funds and therefore do not represent any obligation for the Group other than making contribution payments. In addition, employer contributions amounting to € 93 million (2022: € 92 million) were transferred to the German statutory pension insurance system, and contributions amounting to € 122 million (2022: € 105 million) were transferred to statutory pension insurance systems abroad.