Employees

(32) Personnel expenses

Personnel expenses comprised the following:

Personnel expenses

€ million

 

2024

 

2023

Wages and salaries

 

5,403

 

5,299

Compulsory social security contributions and other costs

 

917

 

853

Pension expenses

 

375

 

365

Personnel expenses

 

6,695

 

6,517

Personnel expenses comprised expenses of € 205 million (2023: € 212 million) for defined contribution plans, which are funded exclusively via external funds and therefore do not represent any obligation for the Group other than making contribution payments. In addition, employer contributions amounting to € 98 million (2023: € 93 million) were transferred to the German statutory pension insurance system, and contributions amounting to € 121 million (2023: € 122 million) were transferred to statutory pension insurance systems abroad.

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